60 https://www.uni-bremen.de/en/mapex-cf/instrumentation/3d-materials-analytics/non-destructive-3d-materials-analytics This page contains information about several aspects of the X-ray tomography method, such as scan, reconstruction, voxel size etc. en University of Bremen Fri, 06 Mar 2026 09:30:46 +0100 Fri, 06 Mar 2026 09:30:46 +0100 University of Bremen content-370680 Thu, 05 Mar 2026 09:46:29 +0100 https://www.uni-bremen.de/en/mapex-cf/instrumentation/3d-materials-analytics/non-destructive-3d-materials-analytics#c370680 Content content-370679 Thu, 05 Mar 2026 09:46:29 +0100 https://www.uni-bremen.de/en/mapex-cf/instrumentation/3d-materials-analytics/non-destructive-3d-materials-analytics#c370679 Content content-370686 Wed, 04 Mar 2026 23:43:54 +0100 https://www.uni-bremen.de/en/mapex-cf/instrumentation/3d-materials-analytics/non-destructive-3d-materials-analytics#c370686 <p>The sample rotates full 360<abbr title="degrees">˚</abbr> with a fixed rotation step, at each position a transmission image is taken.</p> Content content-370685 Wed, 04 Mar 2026 23:43:54 +0100 https://www.uni-bremen.de/en/mapex-cf/instrumentation/3d-materials-analytics/non-destructive-3d-materials-analytics#c370685 <p>A computer-aided reconstruction algorithm generates up to 2000 image slices of the internal structure. These black-and-white images are the result of the X-ray scans.</p> Content content-370684 Wed, 04 Mar 2026 23:43:54 +0100 https://www.uni-bremen.de/en/mapex-cf/instrumentation/3d-materials-analytics/non-destructive-3d-materials-analytics#c370684 <p>Within your <abbr title="three dimensional">3D</abbr> data, you can browse the grayscale images, perform virtual thin sections, measure distances etc.</p> Content content-370683 Wed, 04 Mar 2026 23:43:54 +0100 https://www.uni-bremen.de/en/mapex-cf/instrumentation/3d-materials-analytics/non-destructive-3d-materials-analytics#c370683 <p>After segmentation and binarization of <abbr title="three dimensional">3D</abbr> volume data, you can quantify morphometric parameters in <abbr title="two-dimensional">2D</abbr> and <abbr title="three dimensional">3D</abbr> (such as surface area, volume, thickness, orientation).</p> Content content-370696 Thu, 05 Mar 2026 09:46:29 +0100 https://www.uni-bremen.de/en/mapex-cf/instrumentation/3d-materials-analytics/non-destructive-3d-materials-analytics#c370696 <p>In general, <strong>voxel size</strong> is the actual size of a <abbr title="three dimensional">3D</abbr> pixel in your actual volume dataset. This can be changed during image processing. <em>Nominal resolution</em> is the smallest <strong>voxel size</strong> of a scanner's reconstructed image corresponding to the beam path of the scan. </p> <p>The final <strong>image resolution</strong> cannot be better than the voxel size. However, because of other factors such as spot size of the X-ray source, image reconstruction or partial volume effects of particles smaller than the voxel size, resolution is reduced and information is smeared out over neighbouring voxels. Resolution can be 2-5 times of the voxel size.</p> <p><em>Detectability</em> refers to the smallest object that still can be seen in an image, depending on high contrast width between object and background. For instance, a gold particle (high attenuation) on a graphite surface (low attenuation) sized even smaller than the resolution of the scanner will still be detectable, while a glass particle (medium attenuation) will not.</p> Content